Abstract
The main objective of the regional MDG road map is to provide a framework for ‘delivering as one’ – in the form of a regional partnership – in adding value to national development strategies and processes in the ‘off-track’ countries and in those below the Asian average in achieving the MDGs. In identifying these countries, both the trends and the absolute levels of their performance have been considered. Attention is also given to ‘on-track’ countries so that they do not fall behind, and lessons learnt from their successful experiences can be studied and disseminated. It should be emphasized that this is not a road map for the countries to reach its MDG targets. Each country, given its own circumstances, is expected to have in place a variety of development strategies, plans and programmes. The regional MDG road map takes these policies, strategies and processes as ‘given’ and aims to add value to national-level efforts by regional-level action.
Source (PDF Full Text): http://www.unescap.org/pdd/publications/MDGRoadmap/MDGRoadMap2008.pdf
Saturday, September 27, 2008
The Power of Peasant Community: A Sociological Prespective of Social Fact Paradigm
Nugraha Setiawan
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, March 2008, 10(1): 58-67
Abstract.
The study is aimed at understanding of peasant community power phenomena in rural of Indonesia. The anlyzing used sosiological approach with “social facts” paradigm, what argued that its were external to, and coercive over, individuals, and then analyzed by the force relations phenomena of power theory of Foucault. The result of the study showed, peasant still has been powerless, because the dominating of urban community and institution of rural outsider. The conditions made peasant powerless more and more..
Keywords: power, peasant, rural, social fact.
Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, March 2008, 10(1): 58-67
Abstract.
The study is aimed at understanding of peasant community power phenomena in rural of Indonesia. The anlyzing used sosiological approach with “social facts” paradigm, what argued that its were external to, and coercive over, individuals, and then analyzed by the force relations phenomena of power theory of Foucault. The result of the study showed, peasant still has been powerless, because the dominating of urban community and institution of rural outsider. The conditions made peasant powerless more and more..
Keywords: power, peasant, rural, social fact.
Population Dynamics and Globalization: the Unresolved Dilemma of Population Momentum
In spite of the level of economic development, governments of the region are increasingly challenged to provide the basic needs for a growing population - adequate housing, sanitation, health care, education, and job opportunities - and to combat poverty, narrow the gap between rich and poor, and to generally improve the standard of living. In addition, the region''s scarce water resources need to be managed in the face of growing demand. Unemployment is highest among young people and women. Women face the highest rate of unemployment in the world. According to the ILO, the largest gender gaps in unemployment are found in the region. Furthermore, despite government''s efforts in the area of education, the number of illiterate adults continues to increase in some countries. Additionally, due to high population momentum, savings and investment are low and in some countries 85% of the national income was spent on consumptions during the 1990''s.
The vital question is how would these countries be able to apply an export led growth strategy, stimulated by technical progress, while its young population constitutes unparalleled momentum to population growth. One-third of the region ‘s population is under age 15. Over the next 15 years, these children will enter the labour force. Furthermore, to prepare its growing working-age population for the labour market, these countries require a much greater investment in human resources, including greater support for skills training for young people, increasing female literacy, and increasing the economic options for women. In addition to higher investment in human resources, further savings and investments are needed to meet the requirements of integration into the world economy. These countries should increase their economic growth rate while maximizing productivity level through technical progress .To be incorporated in the world economy and to be a globalizer, the formula is to overcome the trade-off problem between productivity levels and the number of workers i.e. achieving sustained economic growth through technical progress. This involves a sharp increase in savings and investment rates, together with reductions in the workforce growth rates.
Given such unfavourable and demanding situation, it is not surprising that some 300 million people in the Middle East - are being left behind. As the World Bank put it "These economies have contracted, poverty has risen, and education levels have risen less rapidly than in the more globalizes countries". Due to high population momentum and low rate of technical progress, these countries have been unable to increase their integration in the world economy; their ratio of trade to GDP either remained flat or declined.
Source: http://www.escwa.un.org/popin/index.asp
The vital question is how would these countries be able to apply an export led growth strategy, stimulated by technical progress, while its young population constitutes unparalleled momentum to population growth. One-third of the region ‘s population is under age 15. Over the next 15 years, these children will enter the labour force. Furthermore, to prepare its growing working-age population for the labour market, these countries require a much greater investment in human resources, including greater support for skills training for young people, increasing female literacy, and increasing the economic options for women. In addition to higher investment in human resources, further savings and investments are needed to meet the requirements of integration into the world economy. These countries should increase their economic growth rate while maximizing productivity level through technical progress .To be incorporated in the world economy and to be a globalizer, the formula is to overcome the trade-off problem between productivity levels and the number of workers i.e. achieving sustained economic growth through technical progress. This involves a sharp increase in savings and investment rates, together with reductions in the workforce growth rates.
Given such unfavourable and demanding situation, it is not surprising that some 300 million people in the Middle East - are being left behind. As the World Bank put it "These economies have contracted, poverty has risen, and education levels have risen less rapidly than in the more globalizes countries". Due to high population momentum and low rate of technical progress, these countries have been unable to increase their integration in the world economy; their ratio of trade to GDP either remained flat or declined.
Source: http://www.escwa.un.org/popin/index.asp
Labor Structure and Labor Force Participation Rate in Rural of Indonesia: Analyse of 2006 National Labor Force Survey
Nugraha Setiawan
Journal of Socio Economics, June 2007, 13(1): 31-39
Abstract
The study is aimed at analyzing labor structure in rural area, by carrying out study on working age population, labor force, and labor force participation rate. Secondary data analysis approach was used in this study. The data form Sakernas (National Labor Force Survey) 2006 was analyzed by a descriptive statistical analysis. The result of the study showed that proportion of working age population and labor force in rural area it was more younger and lower education than urban area. However, if we take look at rural labor force participation rate was more higher than urban area, in the all of age and education attainment groups.
Keywords: age, education, labor force, labor force participation rate, rural.
Journal of Socio Economics, June 2007, 13(1): 31-39
Abstract
The study is aimed at analyzing labor structure in rural area, by carrying out study on working age population, labor force, and labor force participation rate. Secondary data analysis approach was used in this study. The data form Sakernas (National Labor Force Survey) 2006 was analyzed by a descriptive statistical analysis. The result of the study showed that proportion of working age population and labor force in rural area it was more younger and lower education than urban area. However, if we take look at rural labor force participation rate was more higher than urban area, in the all of age and education attainment groups.
Keywords: age, education, labor force, labor force participation rate, rural.
Friday, September 26, 2008
The Change of Urban Concept in Indonesia: An Implication on Analyzed of Urbanization
Nugraha Setiawan
Journal of Population Studies, January 2006, 8(1): 1-10
Abstract
The difference and change of urban concept usually make the analyzed of urbanization more difficult. In spatial analyze, the difficult will find if has used a different urban concept with the other region in the same year, and also in a different time. Since population census 1961 until 2000, urban concept in Indonesia has changed four times, the same concept just used on 1980 and 1990. That changed had no implication to spatial analyzed, because the applied of that concept had to take place on the nation. But, it is very implicated to time series analyzed, because reclassification of region witch caused by a changed of urban concept.
Key words: urban concept, analyze of urbanization, Indonesia.
Journal of Population Studies, January 2006, 8(1): 1-10
Abstract
The difference and change of urban concept usually make the analyzed of urbanization more difficult. In spatial analyze, the difficult will find if has used a different urban concept with the other region in the same year, and also in a different time. Since population census 1961 until 2000, urban concept in Indonesia has changed four times, the same concept just used on 1980 and 1990. That changed had no implication to spatial analyzed, because the applied of that concept had to take place on the nation. But, it is very implicated to time series analyzed, because reclassification of region witch caused by a changed of urban concept.
Key words: urban concept, analyze of urbanization, Indonesia.
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